NSThread相关

//创建NSThread的三种方法

//1.手动启动线程,可以拿到线程对象
- (void) createNSThread
{
    /*
     *NSThread *thread = [NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:(nonnull id) selector:(nonnull SEL) object:(nullable id)
     * 参数一:目标对象
     * 参数二:方法选择器
     * 参数三:前面的方法需要传递参数
     */
    NSThread *thread = [[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run:) object:@"ABC"];
    [thread start];
}

//2.分离子线程,但拿不到线程对象
- (void) createNSThread2
{
    /*类方法
     *[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:(nonnull SEL) toTarget:(nonnull id) withObject:(nullable id)];
     * 参数一:方法选择器
     * 参数二:目标对象
     * 参数三:前面的方法需要传递参数
     */
    [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run:) toTarget:self withObject:@"分离子线程"];
}

//3.开启后台线程,但拿不到线程对象
- (void) createNSThread3
{
    /*
     *[self performSelectorInBackground:(nonnull SEL) withObject:(nullable id)];
     * 参数一:方法选择器
     * 参数二:前面的方法需要传递参数
     */
    [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(run:) withObject:@"开启后台线程"];
}

- (void) run:(NSString*)param
{
    //param为传递来的参数
    NSLog(@"----run----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    NSLog(@"传递的参数为:%@",param);

    for(long i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
    {
        NSLog(@"%ld",i);
    }
}

设置NSThread的名称

[thread3 setName:@"thread3"];

设置NSThread的优先级,取值0.0 ~ 1.0 , 默认0.5,值越大,优先级越高

[thread3 setThreadPriority:1.0];

线程的生命周期

当线程任务执行完毕后线程对象才会被释放

启动线程

//进入就绪状态 -> 运行状态,当线程任务执行完毕,自动进入死亡状态
-(void)start;
//进入阻塞状态
+(void)sleepUntilDate:(NSDate*)date;
+(void)sleepForTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti;
//进入死亡状态,线程死亡,是无法重启的
-(void)exit;

多线程的安全隐患

资源共享,一块资源可能会被多个线程共享,也就是多个线程可能会访问同一块资源。比如多个线程访问同一个对象、同一个变量、同一个文件,当多个线程访问同一块资源时,很容易引发数据错乱和数据安全问题

//
//  YYViewController.m
//  05-线程安全
//
//  Created by apple on 14-6-23.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
//


#import "YYViewController.h"

@interface YYViewController ()
//剩余票数

@property(nonatomic,assign) int leftTicketsCount;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread1;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread2;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread3;

@end


@implementation YYViewController


- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    //默认有20张票

    self.leftTicketsCount=20;

    //开启多个线程,模拟售票员售票

    self.thread1=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];

    self.thread1.name=@"售票员A";

    self.thread2=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];

    self.thread2.name=@"售票员B";

    self.thread3=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];
    self.thread3.name=@"售票员C";
}


-(void)sellTickets
{
    while (1) {
        //1.先检查票数
        int count=self.leftTicketsCount;
        if (count>0) {
            //暂停一段时间
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.002];

            //2.票数-1
            self.leftTicketsCount= count-1;

            //获取当前线程
            NSThread *current=[NSThread currentThread];
            NSLog(@"%@--卖了一张票,还剩余%d张票",current,self.leftTicketsCount);
        }else
        {
            //退出线程
            [NSThread exit];
        }
    }
}

-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{ 
    //开启线程

    [self.thread1 start];
    [self.thread2 start];
    [self.thread3 start];

}

@end

出现3个线程同时出现相同的剩余票数

造成安全隐患的原因:

解决办法:互斥锁

互斥锁

互斥锁使用格式

@synchronized(锁对象) { // 需要锁定的代码 }

使用锁的注意事项:

  • 锁必须是全局唯一的
  • 注意加锁的位置
  • 需要加锁的前提条件是,多线程要共享同一资源
  • 加锁是要代价的,代价就是耗费性能
  • 加锁的结果可以使线程达到同步,未加锁是异步的操作

注意:锁定1份代码只用1把锁,用多把锁是无效的

//
//  YYViewController.m
//  05-线程安全
//
//  Created by apple on 14-6-23.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved.
//

#import "YYViewController.h"

@interface YYViewController ()

//剩余票数
@property(nonatomic,assign) int leftTicketsCount;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread1;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread2;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSThread *thread3;
@end

@implementation YYViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //默认有20张票
    self.leftTicketsCount=10;
    //开启多个线程,模拟售票员售票

    self.thread1=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];

    self.thread1.name=@"售票员A";

    self.thread2=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];

    self.thread2.name=@"售票员B";

    self.thread3=[[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];

    self.thread3.name=@"售票员C";
}


-(void)sellTickets
{
    while (1) {
        @synchronized(self){//只能加一把锁
        //1.先检查票数

        int count=self.leftTicketsCount;
        if (count>0) {
            //暂停一段时间
            [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.002];
            //2.票数-1

           self.leftTicketsCount= count-1;
            //获取当前线程
            NSThread *current=[NSThread currentThread];
            NSLog(@"%@--卖了一张票,还剩余%d张票",current,self.leftTicketsCount);

        }else
        {
            //退出线程
            [NSThread exit];
        }
        }
    }
}


-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{

    //开启线程
    [self.thread1 start];
    [self.thread2 start];
    [self.thread3 start];
}

@end

原子和非原子属性

OC在定义属性时有nonatomic和atomic两种选择

atomic:原子属性,为setter方法加锁(默认就是atomic)

nonatomic:非原子属性,不会为setter方法加锁

atomic加锁原理

@property (assign, atomic) int age;

- (void)setAge:(int)age
{ 
    @synchronized(self) { 
       _age = age;
    }
}

原子和非原子属性的选择

nonatomic和atomic对比

atomic:线程安全,需要消耗大量的资源

nonatomic:非线程安全,适合内存小的移动设备

iOS开发的建议

所有属性都声明为nonatomic

尽量避免多线程抢夺同一块资源

尽量将加锁、资源抢夺的业务逻辑交给服务器端处理,减小移动客户端的压力

线程间通信

在1个进程中,线程往往不是孤立存在的,多个线程之间需要经常进行通信

线程间通信的体现 1个线程传递数据给另1个线程 在1个线程中执行完特定任务后,转到另1个线程继续执行任务

线程间通信常用方法

- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait;
- (void)performSelector:(SEL)aSelector onThread:(NSThread *)thr withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait;

一个图片下载并显示的多线程通信的应用实例:

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *imageView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    //下载操作属于耗时操作,可以转入子线程
    [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(download) withObject:nil];
}

- (void)download
{
    NSURL *url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://images.cnitblog.com/i/450136/201406/241326487366534.png"];

    /*
     需要在info.plist开启以下权限
     <key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
     <dict>
     <key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
     <true/>
     </dict>
     */
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];

    NSDate *startTime = [NSDate date];

    CFTimeInterval start = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();

    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];

    NSDate *endTime = [NSDate date];

    CFTimeInterval end = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();

    NSLog(@"下载耗时:%f",[endTime timeIntervalSinceDate:startTime]);

    NSLog(@"下载耗时:%f",end - start);

    //当图片下载完毕,可以将image显示到imageView的过程放到主线程中
    //参数1:回到主线程后要执行的方法
    //参数2:执行方法所带的参数
    //参数3:是否等待
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(setImage:) withObject:image waitUntilDone:YES];

    //也可通过这样的方法回到主线程
    //[self performSelector:@selector(setImage:) onThread:[NSThread mainThread] withObject:image waitUntilDone:YES];
}

- (void)setImage:(UIImage*)image
{
    self.imageView.image = image;
}

@end

以上用到的线程跳转方法属于NSObject的一个分类(categray)NSThreadPerformAdditions中的方法,所以只要是继承与NSObject的对象都可以直接调用到

@interface NSObject (NSThreadPerformAdditions)

- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(nullable id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait modes:(nullable NSArray<NSString *> *)array;
- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(nullable id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait;
    // equivalent to the first method with kCFRunLoopCommonModes

- (void)performSelector:(SEL)aSelector onThread:(NSThread *)thr withObject:(nullable id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait modes:(nullable NSArray<NSString *> *)array NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
- (void)performSelector:(SEL)aSelector onThread:(NSThread *)thr withObject:(nullable id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
    // equivalent to the first method with kCFRunLoopCommonModes
- (void)performSelectorInBackground:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(nullable id)arg NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

@end

因为imageView也是继承与NSObject的,因此它直接就可以调用回到主线程的方法,并在调用的方法的参数使用自己的方法,无需再写一个方法

[self.imageView performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(setImage:) withObject:image waitUntilDone:YES];

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